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Satta King Org
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Everyone should take note:- Likewise, information about new or old government schemes initiated by the Central and State Governments, as well as information released for Sarkari Decisions, Chart Introductions and Introductions, first of all, I will convey to you all through the website this. Note :- I hope you really liked this article and found it useful, so share it with your friends. ,, , Thank you very much ,, , If you connect to our social media platform, you will get instant updates, so join now from the link below. Here you can also ask questions. Join Us Social Media For Telegram For Twitter Facebook Instagram For Website For YouTube Bertha J. Vandegrift, Elisa R. Hilderbrand, Rosalba Satta, Rex Tai, Donghong He, Chang You, Hu Chen, Pingwen Xu, Cassandre Coles, Mark S .Brodie and Amy W. Lasek
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3 Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
An increase in estrogen (17β-estradiol, E2) is associated with increased alcohol consumption in women and experimentally in rats. E2 modulates the activity of the dopamine system, including the VTA and its projection targets, which play an important role in binge drinking. Previous studies have shown that in high E2 conditions, VTA neurons in female rats are more sensitive to ethanol stimulation. However, the mechanism responsible for the ability of E2 to increase the ethanol sensitivity of VTA neurons has not been investigated. In this study, we used selective agonists and antagonists to investigate the role of ER subtypes (ERα and ERβ) in regulating the ethanol sensitivity of VTA neurons in female rats and found that ERα promotes an enhanced ethanol response of VTA neurons. We also show that ethanol-stimulated enhancement requires activation of the metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR1, which is known to bind ERα at the plasma membrane. To examine the behavioral relevance of these findings, we delivered short lentiviral hairpin RNAs targeting ERα or ERβ into the VTA and found that knockdown of each receptor in the VTA reduced binge-like ethanol intake in female, but not male, rats. Depleting ERα in the VTA has a more dramatic effect on binge-like drinking than reducing ERβ, consistent with the ability of ERα to modulate the ethanol sensitivity of VTA neurons. These results provide important insight into the gender-specific mechanisms driving excessive alcohol consumption.
SPECIAL REPORT Estrogen has a strong effect on the dopamine system and increases women’s susceptibility to developing addiction to substances, such as alcohol. We investigated the mechanism by which estrogen increases the response of neurons in the VTA to ethanol. We found that activation of ERα increased ethanol-induced excitability of VTA neurons. 17β-Estradiol-mediated enhancement of ethanol-induced excitability requires the metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR1. We also show that ERs in the VTA regulate alcohol-like drinking in female, but not male, rats. The effect of ER on binge drinking in female rats suggests that treatments for alcohol use disorders in women may need to take these gender differences into account.
Binge drinking is defined by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism as consuming enough alcohol within a 2-hour period to have a blood ethanol concentration (BEC) of at least 0.08% to achieve Binge drinking accounts for more than half of deaths and three-quarters of the associated economic costs by drinking alcohol (Stahre et al., 2014; Sacks et al., 2015). Women are more vulnerable to severe health consequences associated with alcohol abuse than men, including liver disease, cardiomyopathy, brain damage, and a higher risk of breast cancer (Agabio et al., 2016; White et al., 2017; Szabo, 2018 ). Female heavy drinkers also reported experiencing more physical and mental stress than male heavy drinkers (Wen et al., 2012). Unfortunately, more women drink alcohol now than in previous decades (Grant et al., 2017). The biological factors that contribute to binge drinking in women are not well understood, although ovarian hormones, particularly estrogen (17β-estradiol [E2]), may play a role. Circulating E2 levels in females have a positive relationship with alcohol consumption (Muti et al., 1998; Martin et al., 1999; Martel et al., 2017), and there are several alcohol drinking studies in female rats that have shown that E2 administration increases . alcohol consumption (Ford et al., 2002a, 2004; Marinelli et al., 2003; Reid et al., 2003; Quirarte et al., 2007; Rajasingh et al., 2007; Satta et al., 2018a). Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of E2 action in ethanol intake
